Cabiria (1914)
Themes and Commentary
Italian Nationalism
The context in which Cabiria was made is important to keep in mind when you're watching the film. Despite its revolutionary cinematography, the movie's primary purpose was to gather support for Italian nationalism; and filmmakers by portraying Ancient Rome as glorious and something that should be admired and restored.
Imperialism
Of course, too much nationalism often leads to imperialism or war of some kind. Indeed, Italy was slowly turning fascist during the early 20th century, as many Italian leaders (specifically Mussolini) were focused on "restoring" the Roman Empire. The idea that Italy should admire to Ancient Rome was, arguably, popularized by Cabiria.
The "Other"
There's also something to be said about Cabiria's depiction of the "other", or in this instance, Paganism and Africans. African characters like Massinissa, Sophonisba, and Hasdrubal are portrayed as unloyal, manipulative, and immoral; more dedicated to their own pleasures and goals rather than the selfless values Roman characters like Fulvius embody. Even Maciste, arguably the only good African character, is an unnaturally dedicated and loyal slave who sides with the Romans. Additionally, Carthingian religion is portrayed as evil and cruel, its followers burning children alive and behaving like a cult.
